Published with Filipino environmental group Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM), the report traces nickel ore from mining operations in Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, to major Chinese metal traders that supply battery and stainless-steel producers serving some of the world’s largest automakers.

Investigators documented how a rapid expansion of nickel mining in the biodiverse coastal town has resulted in deforestation, river pollution, and food insecurity.

Residents told researchers they had watched once-clear waterways “turn brown,” seen fish stocks collapse, and suffered declining rice harvests as mountainsides were stripped bare.

Through value-chain mapping, the investigation traced nickel ore from Marcventures Mining and Development Corporation to Chinese traders that supply manufacturers linked to global car brands including Audi, BMW, Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz, Tesla and Volkswagen.

The report does not allege that the companies have breached existing laws, but campaigners argue the findings expose the failure of voluntary corporate standards to prevent harm.

The Philippines is the world’s largest exporter of raw nickel, a critical mineral for electric vehicle batteries. It is also the deadliest country in Asia for environmental defenders.

Global Witness lead investigator Hanna Hindstrom said: “The transition to clean energy cannot be built on pillaged ecosystems, intimidation, and the destruction of communities. Our investigation shows that nickel used in electric-vehicle batteries may be tied to environmental devastation and the silencing of those who dare to resist.

“Our findings speak to an uncomfortable but urgent truth: without value chain accountability, the rush to decarbonise will entrench new forms of exploitation. What kind of green transition are we willing to accept, and at whose expense?”